The Impact of Technology on Child Behavior

Early and prolonged access to digital technology has become one of the greatest concerns among child health experts. Tablets, smartphones, and computers are increasingly present in children's daily lives from an early age. While these devices offer educational and recreational benefits, uncontrolled use can lead to serious issues in emotional, physical, and social development.

According to a recent survey by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), published in partnership with the Ministry of Health, excessive screen time among children and adolescents is directly associated with an increase in disorders such as anxiety, depression, and aggression. The study, which analyzed over 10,000 young people aged 10 to 17 across the country, revealed that more than 68% of respondents reported screen time exceeding six hours daily outside school hours.

Anxiety and Depression Disorders

Prolonged exposure to digital content, social media, and online games contributes to the onset and worsening of generalized anxiety disorders. Children who spend many hours connected often exhibit difficulty concentrating, irritability, and sleep problems.

According to the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP), the use of electronic devices is associated with decreased production of serotonin and dopamine—neurotransmitters responsible for the sensation of well-being—especially when use replaces physical activities, social interactions, and outdoor play.

Additionally, the constant cycle of notifications, likes, and digital interactions creates a state of permanent alertness, increasing stress levels and hindering emotional self-regulation, directly impacting the mental health of the younger population.

Aggressive and Impulsive Behaviors

Another alarming aspect pointed out by specialists is the increase in aggression among children who frequently consume violent content. Competitive games with war scenes or platforms with hostile discourse can lead to emotional desensitization and imitative behavior.

Child psychologist Claudia Xavier from the Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp) states that "children in development often lack the cognitive maturity to differentiate reality from fiction in many cases. This makes them more vulnerable to the influence of digital content."

Furthermore, continuous screen use can affect the development of empathy and interpersonal communication. A child who primarily interacts with machines develops fewer social skills, conflict resolution abilities, and frustration control.

Social Isolation and Developmental Impairments

Social isolation is another severe effect related to excessive technology use. Many young people prefer the virtual environment over in-person activities, significantly reducing their social skills. The lack of physical and emotional contact with others directly interferes with identity formation and self-esteem.

Research by the World Health Organization (WHO) had already warned, even before the pandemic, that children up to 5 years old should have less than one hour of screen exposure per day. However, post-pandemic studies show that this time has more than tripled in many households due to remote learning and recreational use.

The impact also extends to physical development: sedentary behavior caused by excessive screen time is linked to increased childhood obesity, postural problems, and sleep disorders.

The Role of Parents and Guardians

Experts point out that balance is key. Technology, when used consciously and mediated by adults, can be a great ally in learning and creativity. However, the lack of rules and supervision can lead to severe consequences.

The SBP recommends that parents:

• Set clear screen time limits according to the child's age;

• Prioritize educational and age-appropriate content;

• Encourage physical activities and in-person play;

• Closely monitor what their children are accessing;

• Avoid screen use during meals and before bedtime.

Another fundamental point is setting an example: children observe adult behavior. When parents and caregivers also use technology in a balanced way, children tend to imitate these attitudes.

What Educators Say

Teachers and educators also report changes in student behavior in the classroom. There is a significant increase in attention difficulties, hyperactivity, and disruptive behaviors.

"The student is used to quick stimuli, such as short videos and games with instant rewards. This harms the ability to wait, listen, and focus on tasks that require slower or deeper reasoning," says pedagogue Maria Lúcia Alves, with 20 years of experience in elementary education.

According to her, it is necessary to resume reading practices, dialogue, and collective knowledge construction, which do not compete with the speed of digital but promote more meaningful human connections.

Possible Paths: Technology with Awareness

Technology is not inherently villainous. The problem lies in excessive use without guidance or balance. Educational platforms, apps that stimulate creativity, and collaborative games can be used healthily if incorporated into a structured and balanced routine.

Public policies are also necessary. Expanding public leisure spaces, awareness campaigns, and teacher training to deal with digital impacts are fundamental measures.

Additionally, psychological support for children already showing signs of emotional distress should be immediate, with access to specialized care in both public and private networks.

Final Considerations

Technological advancement is inevitable, but it is up to society—especially responsible adults—to teach the responsible and conscious use of digital tools. Only then will it be possible to ensure that our children grow with balanced emotional, physical, and social health.

The data presented in this article should serve as a warning but also as an incentive for change. With guidance, empathy, and dialogue, it is possible to transform the relationship of new generations with technology into something truly positive.

Source: Oswaldo Cruz Foundation / WHO / Unifesp

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